Locus of Control: interne of externe controle | Natascha Bauwens (2024)

Locus of Control klinkt misschien als een vage term, maar toch begrijpen we het effect maar al te goed. Het gevoel van controle heeft invloed op ons gedrag en de keuzes die we maken in ons dagelijks leven. De mate waarin hangt af van jouw interne, of juist externe, locus of control…

Wat is de Locus of Control?

Locus of control gaat over de mate waarin je het gevoel hebt dat je controle hebt over gebeurtenissen en situaties die jouw leven beïnvloeden. De locus of control die je ervaart heeft invloed op hoe jij op gebeurtenissen reageert, maar ook op jouwmotivatie om actie te ondernemen.

De locus of control is een continuüm: je bent niet 100% de een of de ander.In plaats daarvan lig jij ergens op een lijn tussen de twee uitersten. Je kunt het in zo’n opzicht vergelijken met introvert/extrovert zijn; daar ben je ook niethelemaal het een of helemaal het ander.

Locus of Control is afgeleid van Rotter’s social learning theory uit 1954. Rotter definieerde vlak daarna in 1966 de twee vormen van locus of control: de interne en externe vorm.

Vormen van Locus of Control

Je kunt het gevoel van controle op twee verschillende manieren ervaren: interne of externe focus.

1) Interne Locus of Control

Bij Interne locus of control geloof je dat jij altijd controle hebt over wat er gebeurt. Hierdoor ben je geneigd om zelf verantwoordelijkheid te nemen voor je daden, en doet de mening van anderen je iets minder. Hierdoor ben je zelfredzaam, zelfstandig en onafhankelijk.

2) Externe Locus of Control

Bij externe locus of control geloof je dat je geen controle hebt over wat er gebeurt en dat externe factoren invloed hadden op jouw situatie. Bij succes denk je dat je geluk heb gehad. En als de situatie even tegenzit, zie je niet zo snel hoe je die situatie kunt veranderen. Hierdoor voel je je machteloos of hulpeloos.

Locus of control versus Self-serving bias

Cognitieve processen zoals locus of control heeft een effect op de self-serving bias. Personen met een externe locus of control hebben meer kans op het ervaren van de self-serving bias na een mislukking, dan degenen met een interne locus of control.

Bij een externe locus of control schrijf je alles (zowel successen als mislukkingen) toe aan externe factoren. Terwijl bij de self-serving bias juist de focus ligt op externe factoren bij alleen mislukkingen.

Wat is het effect van Locus of Control?

De mate waarin je een interne of externe locus of control hebt, heeft invloed op allerlei situaties.

Vrouwen lijken een meer externe locus of control te hebben, vergeleken met mannen. Volgens Maes, Leroy, en Sels (2014) komt datomdat ondernemersvaardigheden een stereotype karaktereigenschap zijn voor mannen. Waardoor vrouwen minder vertrouwen hebben in hun eigen werkvaardigheden.

En als je kijkt naar de invloed van locus of control op werk, blijkt volgens Judge & Bono (2001) dat LOC verband houdt met verschillende belangrijke werk gerelateerde resultaten, waaronder werktevredenheid en werkprestaties. Dat zagSpector al toen hij in 1982 aantoonde dat personen met een interne locus of control meer tevreden zijn met hun baan, omdat ze minder geneigd zijn om in een tegenvallende baan te blijven, en een grotere kans hebben om succesvol te zijn binnen hun organisatie.

Invloed op je marketing strategie

Bij het onderzoeken van je doelgroep kun je bepalen of jouw potentiële klanten een interne of externe LOC ervaren. Met die psychologische kennis scherp je je marketing strategie aan.

Winkelgedrag

Vrouwelijke tieners die een externe locus of control hebben, winkelen liever in kleine winkels en zijn eerder loyaal aan bekende merken.Deze extern gefocuste klanten zijn ook minder geneigd om hun shoppingtrips vooraf in detail te plannen, en zullen daardoor minder snel naar informatie verlangen of ernaar zoeken (Darley & Johnson 1993), terwijl personen met een interne focus dat juist wél graag doen en informatie willen.

Mond-tot-mond reclame

Volgens Lam en Mizerski (2005) deden personen met een interne locus of control vaker aan mond-tot-mondreclame met de outgroep. Personen die een hoge externe locus of control ervaren, deden juist aan mond-tot-mondreclame met hun ingroup.

Bronnen:

  • Darley, W. K., & Johnson, D. M. (1993). Effects of female adolescent locus of control on shopping behaviour, fashion orientation and information search. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 3(2), 149-165.
  • Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits–self-esteem, generalized self- efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability–with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 80–92.
  • Maes, J., Leroy, H., & Sels, L. (2014). Gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions: A TPB multi-group analysis at factor and indicator level. European Management Journal,32(5), 784–794.
  • Lam, D., & Mizerski, D. (2005). The effects of locus of control on word‐of‐mouth communication. Journal of Marketing Communications, 11(3), 215-228.
  • Rotter:Social Learning and Clinical Psychology. EnglewoodCliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1954.
  • Spector, P. E. (1982). Behavior in organizations as a function of employee’s locus of control. Psychological Bulletin, 91, 482-497.
Locus of Control: interne of externe controle | Natascha Bauwens (2024)

FAQs

What is the locus of control internal and external? ›

Individuals who have a more internal locus of control generally believe that events are under their own control, whereas individuals who have a more external locus of control generally believe that their lives are under the control of powerful others or fate [1].

What is locus of control in simple words? ›

Locus of Control refers to an individual's perception about the underlying main causes of events in his/her life. Or, more simply: Do you believe that your destiny is controlled by yourself or by external forces (such as fate, god, or powerful others)?

What are the two types of locus of control? ›

There are two main types of locus of control, which together dictate how much people believe they have control of their lives:
  • Internal locus of control: Internal locus of control defines control within one's own efforts. ...
  • External locus of control: External locus of control defines power coming from external forces.
Jun 1, 2022

What is an example of a locus of control? ›

For instance, when given a promotion, someone with an internal locus of control will think that the promotion was entirely deserved strictly for their hard work with the company. However, if they are denied a promotion, they will blame themselves and may take the news harder than others around them would have.

What is the difference between internal and external control? ›

The theory states that we will place the location, or locus, either externally or internally. If we place the locus of control externally, we are likely to blame the outcome on fate, luck, or happenstance. If we place the locus of control internally, we are likely to believe our own actions determine the outcome.

What is the locus of control in internal control? ›

Internal locus of control means that control comes from within. You have personal control over your own behavior. When you have an internal locus of control, you believe you have personal agency over your own life and actions. Because of this, these people tend to have more self-efficacy.

What is the difference between internal and external locus of evaluation? ›

Internal Locus of evaluation = How much we trust and value our view of self. External Locus of evaluation = How much we trust and value how others view us. Conditions of worth is a theory by Carl Rogers, the father of Person-Centred Therapy.

What is the external locus of control in learning? ›

Students with an “external locus of control” generally believe that their successes or failures result from external factors beyond their control, such as luck, fate, circ*mstance, injustice, bias, or teachers who are unfair, prejudiced, or unskilled.

What is the locus of control for dummies? ›

People with an internal locus of control are more successful in all aspects of their lives. They believe that outcomes are contingent on their actions and effort rather than luck, unfair circ*mstances, and things beyond their control.

Is external locus of control bad? ›

Experts have found that, in general, people with an internal locus of control tend to be better off. 6 However, it is also important to remember that internal locus of control does not always equal "good" and external locus of control does not always equal "bad."

How to change external locus of control? ›

You can adjust your locus of control so that it is more internal by understanding that your circ*mstances are not a "given" and that you have the power to take control of them. You can do this by taking control of the way that you manage your time, your network, your communication, and your work commitments and causes.

What are the benefits of having an external locus of control? ›

Pros of having an external locus of control
  • Can let things go easily as they do not believe they are responsible for their outcomes.
  • Sensitive to their environment and aware of changing circ*mstances.
  • Less impulse to control people and events.
  • Less likely to resist life's changes.
  • Easily accepting of the timing of outcomes.
Dec 6, 2022

What does external locus mean? ›

External locus of control is the belief that one's behavior will not lead to valued reinforcement that is available in the environment and therefore not under one's control. The occurrence of reinforcement is believed to be a function of factors out of one's control such as luck, chance, or randomness.

What is the locus of control in everyday life? ›

People with an external locus of control believe that forces outside them—fate, luck, circ*mstances, caramel corn—are responsible for the events of their lives. In contrast, those who perceive an internal locus of control believe that their personal decisions and efforts guide much of their lives.

Which best describes locus of control? ›

Locus of control describes the degree to which individuals perceive that outcomes result from their own behaviors, or from forces that are external to themselves.

What is internal and external locus of control activity? ›

A person with an internal locus of control believes that his/her actions determine his/her rewards, while a person with an external locus of control believes that his/her own behavior does not matter very much and that life's rewards are generally out of his/her control.

What is external locus of control in AP psychology? ›

–External locus of control - the. perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate. –Internal locus of control - the. perception that you control your own fate.

What is the internal locus of control study? ›

From 157 students, Spector found that individuals with a high internal locus of control were less likely to conform than those with a high external locus of control, but only in situations of normative social influence, where individuals conform to be accepted.

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