What Is Cash Flow? - Definition, Examples, Types & Analysis (2024)

Cash flow can be categorised as:

What Is Cash Flow? - Definition, Examples, Types & Analysis (1)

Cash Inflows

Cash Inflow is money coming into a business through any source of income generated by the company.

The most common Cash Inflow entries on the balance sheet are:

  • Income from the sale of goods or services
  • Returns on investment in trade finance assets, stocks, property, or equipment
  • Capital from funding and financing activities

Cash Outflows

Cash Outflow is money leaving the business due to any form of expenses, debts, or liabilities.

The most common Cash Outflow items found on the balance sheet include:

  • Salaries payments to employees and management
  • Procurement of goods or equipment, e.g. a computer company paying $150 million for outsourced microprocessors
  • Loans provided to other businesses
  • Dividend payments to shareholders

Net Cash Flow

Net cash flow is the difference between cash inflow and outflow, either positive or negative.

What Is Cash Flow? - Definition, Examples, Types & Analysis (2)

Positive vs Negative Cash Flow

A company’s cash flow can be positive or negative depending on it cash outflows and inflows.

It is important for businesses to understand the impact of positive and negative cash flows to determine and analyse cash flow forecasts thoroughly.

Positive Cash Flow

A company has a positive cash flow if the cash inflow is greater than its cash outflow. Thus, the business has enough liquidity (cash) to pay the expenses.What Is Cash Flow? - Definition, Examples, Types & Analysis (3)

For example, a business starts with $50,000 in cash.

It incurs $63,000 in expenses, but $117,000 of cash inflow enters the business (from various sources).

The net cash flow is positive at (50,000 + 117,000) – 63,000 = $104,000

Refer to the illustration below for a better understanding of the flow.

What Is Cash Flow? - Definition, Examples, Types & Analysis (4)

Negative Cash Flow

In contrast, negative cash flow is when cash outflow exceeds cash inflow.What Is Cash Flow? - Definition, Examples, Types & Analysis (5)

Negative cash flow stalls the business from paying for current and future expenses.

For example, a business starts with $50,000

Cash inflow is $95,000 but cash outflow is $158,000.

The balance of -$13,000 is calculated as [(50,000 + 95,000) – (158,000).

Thus, the company’s net cash flow is negative.

Check the illustration below for a calculation breakdown.

What Is Cash Flow? - Definition, Examples, Types & Analysis (6)

Yet, not all negative cash flows are bad.

For example, when investing in fixed or non-current assets, the company does not receive proceeds immediately.

Cash outflow today can help companies gain a greater cash inflow in the future, making the negative cash balance a sign of future revenue.

What Is Cash Flow? - Definition, Examples, Types & Analysis (2024)

FAQs

What Is Cash Flow? - Definition, Examples, Types & Analysis? ›

Jun 20, 2023. | Finance. Cash flow is the net amount of cash or cash equivalent moved in and out of a business over a specific period. Cash equivalents include short-term securities that mature within 90 days or less.

What is cash flow analysis with an example? ›

It includes any spending or source of cash that comes from a company's day-to-day business operations. Operating cash flow is also generated from normal operations, less the interest and taxes paid. For example, if a client pays an invoice, it would be considered an AR activity and recorded as cash from operations.

What are the 3 types of cash flows shown on the statement of cash flows? ›

Question: What are the three types of cash flows presented on the statement of cash flows? Answer: Cash flows are classified as operating, investing, or financing activities on the statement of cash flows, depending on the nature of the transaction.

What are the different definitions of cash flow? ›

Cash flow refers to money that goes in and out. Companies with a positive cash flow have more money coming in, while a negative cash flow indicates higher spending. Net cash flow equals the total cash inflows minus the total cash outflows. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

What is a good example of cash flow? ›

Examples of operating cash flows include sales of goods and services, salary payments, rent payments, and income tax payments.

What is a cash flow analysis for beginners? ›

How Do You Calculate Cash Flow Analysis? A basic way to calculate cash flow is to sum up figures for current assets and subtract from that total current liabilities. Once you have a cash flow figure, you can use it to calculate various ratios (e.g., operating cash flow/net sales) for a more in-depth cash flow analysis.

What is the cash flow formula? ›

You'll find this information in your financial statement. Operating Cash Flow = Operating Income + Depreciation – Taxes + Change in Working Capital.

How to understand cash flow? ›

Cash flow is a measure of how much cash a business brought in or spent in total over a period of time. Cash flow is typically broken down into cash flow from operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities on the statement of cash flows, a common financial statement.

What are the 5 principles of cash flow? ›

So, what are the 5 principles of cash flow management? Accelerate cash inflows through active accounts receivable management, timely invoicing and sending out payment reminders, offering discounts for early payment, and enforcing strict credit policies.

What is a healthy cash flow? ›

A healthy cash flow ratio is a higher ratio of cash inflows to cash outflows. There are various ratios to assess cash flow health, but one commonly used ratio is the operating cash flow ratio—cash flow from operations, divided by current liabilities.

How to tell if a company is cash flow positive? ›

If a business's cash acquired exceeds its cash spent, it has a positive cash flow. In other words, positive cash flow means more cash is coming in than going out, which is essential for a business to sustain long-term growth.

How to build cash flow? ›

Whether you want to make a financial investment or start a business, here are 11 ideas to consider for your passive income strategy:
  1. Make financial investments. ...
  2. Own a rental property. ...
  3. Start a print-on-demand shop. ...
  4. Self-publish. ...
  5. Sell worksheets. ...
  6. Sell templates. ...
  7. Create content. ...
  8. Create an online course.
Mar 18, 2024

What are the two main categories of cash flow? ›

The cash flow statement is broken down into three categories: operating activities, investment activities, and financing activities.

What are the three basic types of cash flow activities? ›

Describe the three basic types of cash flow activities. The three basic types of cash flow activities are: operating, investing, and financing. Operating activities are ones that create revenue or expenses in the entity's business. Investing activities increase or decrease long-term assets.

What is the difference between P&L and cash flow? ›

Both concepts are important parts of a successful financial planning. Cash flow is important because it shows how much money a business has available to meet its obligations. Profit and loss, on the other hand, is a measure of whether a business is making money or not.

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